Knowledge Base

Here you can find Pavel Pashkov’s answers to the most frequently asked questions.

How is the area of Russia's intact forest landscapes changing?

According to estimates by an international group of researchers, the area of Russia's intact forest landscapes decreased from 274,4 million hectares in 2000 to 221,2 million hectares in 2025. Over 25 years, we lost 53,2 million hectares, or almost 19,4% of all intact forest landscapes preserved at the beginning of the century! This is 532 thousand square kilometers — an area larger than Spain. Russia ranks first in the world in terms of the absolute area of lost intact forest landscapes. It is important to understand: losing the status of an intact territory does not mean that all the forest in this area has been cut down. The construction of roads, industrial development, logging, or large-scale disturbances of the natural cover are enough for a vast forest area to lose its integrity. According to the World Resources Institute, from 2001 to 2025, the loss of tree cover directly within Russia's intact forest landscapes amounted to about 25 million hectares. The main causes of destruction remain forest fires, industrial logging, and infrastructure development. Meanwhile, the total area of Russia's forests may increase due to the natural overgrowth of territories and the restoration of tree vegetation. However, young forests cannot quickly replace the complex ancient ecosystems that have formed over centuries and millennia. This is why we separately study the condition of large intact forest landscapes, not just the total forest cover area. It is especially important to preserve Russia's existing protected area system. Thanks to reserves, national parks, and other specially protected natural areas, many valuable forest areas are under state protection from industrial development.

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